Mill, John Stuart (1806-1873)

What is Poetry? [from the Monthly Repository]

January, 1833

"What they know has come by observation of themselves; they have found within them one highly delicate and sensitive specimen of human nature, on which the laws of emotion are written in large characters, such as can be read off without much study."

Poetry, when it is really such, is truth; and fiction also, if it is good for anything, is truth: but they are different truths. The truth of poetry is to paint the human soul truly: the truth of fiction is to give a true picture of life. The two kinds of knowledge are different, and come by different ways, come mostly to different persons. Great poets are often proverbially ignorant of life. What they know has come by observation of themselves; they have found within them one highly delicate and sensitive specimen of human nature, on which the laws of emotion are written in large characters, such as can be read off without much study. Other knowledge of mankind, such as comes to men of the world by outward experience, is not indispensable to them as poets: but to the novelist such knowledge is all in all; he has to describe outward things, not the inward man; actions and events, not feelings; and it will not do for him to be numbered among those who, as Madame Roland said of Brissot, know man but not men.
(p. 346)

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Originally published in the 73rd number of the Monthly Repository. Collected as "Thoughts on Poetry and its Varieties." Dissertations and Discussions, 2nd ed. (1867), vol. I, pp. 63-94.

Reproduced as a digital edition in the Liberty Fund's Online Library of Liberty <Link to OLL>.

04/08/2010